It’s no secret that Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) are intended to help with the burden of medical costs, allowing the account holder to contribute pre-tax dollars to pay for qualified medical expenses with tax-free distributions, but an HSA can also be used strategically in planning for retirement. Some HSA account holders opt not to make withdrawals from the HSA account and instead treat it like another IRA account. If you are enrolled in a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) and are eligible for a Health Savings Account, it is prudent to consider the benefits of such an account for retirement.
As contributions are made into the HSA year over year, there is the option to invest the funds to earn returns and potentially increase the overall account balance. Similar to retirement accounts, HSAs have contribution limits; someone filing as ‘single’ in 2024 has a contribution limit of $4,150 while those who file ‘married filing jointly’ are limited to $8,300. These limits increase by a catch up amount of $1,000 for those age 55 and older. Unlike retirement accounts, you do not have to have earned income to contribute to a health savings account allowing you to lessen your tax burden even into retirement. Contributions can be made, pre-tax, until enrollment in Medicare.
Contributions into an HSA are made using pre-tax dollars while eligible distributions are taken tax-free. The comprehensive list of eligible expenses is expanding with each new legislation and covers items ranging from expensive medical treatments to cotton balls, and dentistry expenses to gym memberships. While qualified distributions at any time are tax-free, non-qualified withdrawals prior to age 65 come with a hefty 20% tax penalty on top of being taxed as regular income according to ordinary tax rates.
Funds within the Health Savings Account do not have to be used during the year the contribution is made and there is no time requirement for when the assets would be required to be distributed. Although HSAs cannot be used to pay for employer insurance premiums or premiums for insurance purchased on marketplace, receipts for eligible medical costs can be submitted indefinitely so long as they were incurred after the HSA was established. By holding eligible expenses for reimbursement only after retirement has begun, but prior to reaching age 65, these funds can be utilized in early retirement to live off of along with non-retirement account savings. In doing this, money can be moved from a traditional IRA or traditional 401(K) into a Roth IRA via a Roth Conversion. This is done without going into a higher tax bracket while income is lower than it was during working years. Even after age 65, Roth Conversions can still be utilized as a tax planning tool since HSA withdrawals are then allowed penalty free, keeping in mind that non-eligible withdrawals are still taxed as ordinary income and can lessen the lower tax-bracket Roth Conversion amounts.
If retirement prior to 65 is not something being considered, contributions to an HSA, may still be feasible as long as Social Security and Medicare benefits are not being received. By pushing retirement to age 65 or later, social security income benefits can be delayed and maximized. Once filing for Social Security has begun, enrollment in Medicare at age 65 is automatic. Medicare has certain time frames and guidelines for enrollment that must be adhered to in order to avoid penalties. By continuing to work and being insured under a current job-based insurance, Medicare enrollment can be delayed without penalty until retirement.
Health Savings Account benefits can be confusing when considering them alongside retirement planning, tax planning, Social Security, and Medicare. Financial needs are as individual as the person themselves. Consulting with financial industry professionals for personalized, individual advice is the key to successfully planning and executing a financial plan.